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Decision Testing

White box testing technique

Decision testing is also called branch testing. It is test design technique for white box testing. The white box testing is performed by the developers using the development tools. The programs and interfaces between the programs are tested. The white box testing is also called structural testing. There are two types of white box testing techniques:
statement testing or statement coverage
decision testing or decision coverage

Decision Testing:

The decision testing is a process which checks the behaviour of the application by providing different combinations of input and obtains various results. It is also called as Branch Testing where the different types of inputs are supplied to check a particular condition.

Example 1:

To check if a number is greater than 50

algorithm:

int a
read a

if a > 50 then
print: a is greater than 50
end if

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flowchart:

decision testing flowchart
decision testing flowchart

Refer to the above flowchart, there are two paths: TRUE & FALSE. As per decision testing, 100% decision coverage can be achieved when all the possible paths between start to end are covered. To cover the two possible paths below data sets can be considered for testing:

a = 60 (TRUE path) , a = 50 (FALSE path)
a = 60 (TRUE path) , a = 40 (FALSE path)

Check your understanding:

1. List down the different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose

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  1. Symbols used in above flow chart are:
    1. Oval symbol indivatess start and End.
    2. Small parallelogram symbol indicates read.
    3. A big parallelogram symbol indicates output.
    4. A Rhombus symbol indicates validation.
    5. A Rectangle symbol indicates linking of validation, output and End.

  2. Different Symbols used in the flow chart and their purpose are:
    1. Oval symbol indicates the Start and End.
    2. Small Parallelogram symbol indicates Read.
    3. Big Parallelogram symbol indicates Input.
    4. Rhombus symbol indicates Validation.
    5. Rectangle symbol indicates linking of Validation, Output and End.

  3. 1.Start/end: An oval represents a start or end point.
    2.Arrows:A line is a connector that shows relationships between the representative shapes.
    3.Input/Output: A parallelogram represents input or output.
    4.Decision: A diamond indicates a decision.
    5.Process: A rectangle represents a process

  4. 1. List down the different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose.

    • An oval represents a start or end point
    • A line is a connector that shows relationships between the representative shapes
    • A parallelogram represents input or output
    • A rectangle represents a process
    • A diamond represents a decision

  5. Ans.: Symbols used in flowchart & their purpose.
    Oval- This represent the start points, end points.
    Parallelogram- input/output symbol. Represent data that is available for input or output as well as a representing resources used or generated.
    Diamond – decision symbol, indicates a question to be answered-usually yes/no or true/false.
    Rectangle – A rectangle represent a process.
    Line – A line is connector that shows relationship between the representative shape

  6. Symbols used in the flowchart and their purpose
    1. Oval represents start/end
    2. Parallelogram represents input/output
    3. Rectangle represents process
    4. Diamond represents decision
    5. Line is a connector between the representative shapes.

  7. decision testing and branch testing is a testing method which aims to ensure that each one of the possible branches from each decision point is executed. at least once and thereby ensuring that all reachable code is executed every decision is taken each way true and false.

  8. Oval: start or end
    Arrows: Connects and shows relationship between shapes
    Parallelogram: Input/Output
    Rectangle: Process
    Diamond: Decision.

  9. The different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose:
    *Oval-An Oval represents START/END Point.
    *Arrow- Lines and arrows show the sequence of the steps, and the relationships among them.
    *Parallelogram: An Parallelogram represents INPUT/OUTPUT.
    *Rectangle: An Rectangle represents a PROCESS.
    *Diamond: A Diamond indicates a DECISION.

  10. The different symbols and their use in flow chart
    Oval it represent Start/End point
    Arrow represent the direction of the steps
    Parallelogram represents input/ output
    Rectangle represents a process.
    Diamond A Diamond indicates a Decision.

  11. Oval is the start and end point.
    The arrows represent the relationship between the shapes.
    Parallelogram is the result, input/output.
    Line connector, connects the the flow of the program.
    T: if the decision is true/ yes.
    F: if the decision is false/ no

  12. Oval: start or end point
    arrows: relationship between representative shapes
    parallelogram: input/output
    rectangle: process
    Diamond: decision

  13. Oval – Start and End
    Parallelogram : input/output
    diamond : decision/condition
    Lines and Arrows : To represent connection in the program and which direction it’s flowing

  14. Oval shape : Start & End
    Parallelogram: Input /Output
    Diamond: Decision or condition
    T – If the condition isTrue or yes
    F– If the condition is false or no
    Arrow & Lines: Flow & connection

  15. 1. Oval- start and end point.
    2. Arrows – shows the relationship between shapes.
    3. Parallelogram- represents input or output.
    4. Diamond-indicates decision.
    5. T- decision is true.
    6. F- decision is false.

  16. 1.. The arrows represent the line connector, shows the relationship between shapes.
    2.. The parallelogram represents input or output.
    3. The diamond indicated desicion.
    4. T- If the decision is true.
    5.Oval is the start and end point.
    6. F- if the decision is false

  17. Ans:
    1 . Oval is the start and end point
    2. The parallelogram represents input or output.
    3. The diamond indicated decision.
    4. T- If the decision is true.
    5. F- if the decision is false.

  18. Different symbols used in the flow chart and their purpose are:
    1. Oval shape: Represents a start or end point.
    2. Arrow: It acts as a connector that shows the relationships between the representative shapes.
    3. Parallelogram: Represents input or output.
    4. Rectangle: Represents a process.
    5. Diamond: Indicates a decision.

  19. The different symbols used in flow chart are :
    Oval – represents start and end points
    Arrow – represents the connection between the symbols
    Diamond- represents what the condition is
    T – represents whether the condition is true or not
    F -represents whether the condition is false or not
    Parallelogram- represents input/output

  20. Oval: The start/ end of the flowchart
    Parallelogram: Input and output
    Diamond: Decision
    Arrow: Connector
    T/F: True / False.

  21. different symbols :

    Oval – start / end process
    Parallelogram – represents Input / output
    Diamond – represents condition
    T- to check condition is True
    F- to check condition is False

  22. Oval – start and end of the flowchart
    Parallelogram – is the process (Read/Print)
    Diamond – statement of the decision if its T or F (true or false)
    line – connects a process or statements together
    T – True if it satisfies the statement in the diamond shape
    F- False if it does not satisfy the statement

  23. oval: start / end of the process
    arrow: shows the connection between the flow of the program
    parallelogram: input / output
    rectangle: processing
    Diamond : decision
    T: if the condition is TRUE
    F: if the condition is FALSE.

  24. 1. The Oval: An End or a Beginning
    2. The Rectangle: A process step
    3. The Arrow: Directional Flow
    4. The Diamond: Call for a Decision
    5. The Parallelogram: Data being input or output from flow
    6. The Circle: Connector, flow continuing to next page

  25. 1. Oval represents START/END Point.
    2. Rectangle-For processing/or a task
    3.Arrows – shows the relationship between shapes.
    4. Parallelogram- represents input or output.
    5. Diamond-indicates decision.
    6. T- decision is true.
    7. F- decision is false.

  26. Oval: Start and end diagram of a flow chart.
    Arrow: Direction of flow in a flow chart
    Diamond: Decision field where we write algorithm condition
    Parallelogram: Input and output field
    T: True path
    F: False path

  27. 1. List down the different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose.

    • An oval represents a start or end point
    • A line is a connector that shows relationships between the representative shapes
    • A parallelogram represents input or output
    • A rectangle represents a process
    • A diamond represents a decision

  28. Oval : start and end
    Arrows and LInes : show connection and flow of data
    Diamond: Decision
    Parallelogram: Input and output
    T & F: True Path and F: False Path

  29. Oval – Start and End of the diagram
    Arrows – to show where to go after that step
    Diamond – decision field
    Rectangle – Result or input/output
    T – the condition is marked as True
    F – the condition is marked as False

  30. Oval represents Start and End of the diagram.
    Parallelogram represents the Input and output
    Diamond represents Decision field
    Lines and Arrows represent the path of the next step
    T: True condition
    F: False condition

  31. Oval:Start and end point
    Diamond:condition
    T:True
    F:False
    Parallelogram :input or output
    Arrows: connection that flows.

  32. 1. Oval is the start and end point.
    2. The arrows represent the line connector, shows the relationship between shapes.
    3. The parallelogram represents input or output.
    4. The diamond indicated decision.
    5. T- If the decision is true.
    6. F- if the decision is false.

  33. List down the different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose
    Oval: Use for “Start & End” in an algorithm
    Arrows: Directional
    Rectangle: Use for “Input & Output” in decision testing
    Diamond: Decision canvas – To verify different conditions
    Greater than: to verify a superiority condition
    Question mark: if it is true or false
    T or F: Path selection options

  34. Oval: Start & End of the flow chart
    Parallelogram: Input /Output data
    Diamond: Decision making or conditions
    Arrow & Lines: Connection and flow of data

  35. Rectangle Shape – Process
    Oval or Pill Shape – Start or End
    Diamond Shape – Decision
    Parallelogram – Input/Output
    T- true.
    F- false.

  36. • Oval: It’s represents the start and end.
    • Parallelogram – Represents input/output.
    • Diamond Shape – Represents a decision
    • Rectangle Shape – Represents a process
    • Arrow: relationship between the representative shapes.
    T- if it’s true
    F- if it’s flase

  37. 1.List down the different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose
    • Rectangle Shape – Represents a process
    • Oval or Pill Shape – Represents the start or end
    • Diamond Shape – Represents a decision
    • Parallelogram – Represents input/output
    T-true F-false
    Lines and arrows shows the direction of flow

  38. List down the different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose
    Oval is the start and end.
    The arrow works as the line connector, shows the relationship between shapes.
    The parallelogram represents input or output..
    The diamond indicates desicion..
    T- If the decision is true.
    F- if the decision is false

  39. Oval shape:It represent start and end.
    Rectangle:shows the processing steps.
    Diamond:Decisions
    Parellelogram:Input and output.
    Line and arrow:Flow and sequence of steps.
    T:If decision is true.
    F:If decision is false.

  40. In statement coverage testing, 100% statement coverage is said to be achieved if all the statements are tested at least once. Meaning only the specified condition is tested once fulfilling the 100% statement coverage for the test case.
    Whereas 100% decision coverage can be achieved when all the possible paths between start to end are covered. Meaning all “True or False” possible outcomes are tested to verify the behavior of the software.

  41. ovals – start/ end
    rectangles – input/output
    diamond – condition
    t – true to condition
    F – false to condition
    arrow and lines – path

  42. 1. List down the different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose
    ~An oval represents the start/end
    ~An arrow/line/flow lines is a connector which shows the relationships between different shapes.
    ~A parallelogram represents the input/ output or action.
    ~A rectangle represents the process or step.
    ~A diamond represents a decision.

  43. 1.Start/end: An oval represents a start or end point.
    2.Arrows:A line is a connector that shows relationships between the representative shapes.
    3.Input/Output: A parallelogram represents input or output.
    4.Decision: A diamond indicates a decision.
    5.Process: A rectangle represents a process

  44. Oval is the start and end point
    Diamond is checking the decision
    T is if the condition is true
    F is if the condition is false
    Parallelogram is the input or output

  45. Oval: represents Start / End
    Arrow: shows the relationship between shapes
    parallelogram – input/output
    rectangle – process
    diamond – decision

  46. Oval: An Oval Represents:Start or End Point.
    Arrow: An Arrow Represent a Connector that shows relationships btw the Representative shapes
    Parallelogram: A Parallelogram Represents input or output
    Rectangle:A rectangle Represents a Process
    Diamond:Diamond Indicates a Decision.
    T:True
    F:False

  47. Different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose:
    Oval: Start/End
    Rectangle: Process
    Diamond: Decision
    Parallelogram: Input/Output
    Arrows: Shows flow or relationship between shapes

  48. A flowchart is a diagram that shows step-by-step progression through a procedure or system especially using connecting lines and a set of conventional symbols. The different symbols of the flowchart are:
    – The oval is used to represent the start and end of a process
    – The rectangle shows any step in the process
    – The arrow is used to show the direction of the steps followed.
    – The diamond symbolizes that a decision needs to be made.
    – T – the condition is marked as True
    – F – the condition is marked as False

  49. 1. List down the different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose
    Oval – Start and end of a program
    Rectangle – Input/output
    Arrow – flow of the algorithm pathways
    Diamond – decision split the flowchart sequence into multiple paths (True or False) in order to represent selection and repetition.

  50. 1. List down the different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose
    1. Oval represents start/end
    2. Parallelogram represents input/output
    3. Rectangle represents process
    4. Diamond represents decision
    5. Line is used as a connector between the symbols.

  51. The different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose:
    Arrows- Acts as connectors of all other symbols.
    Oval- To indicate the entry and exit points of the flowchart
    Rectangle-To show processing steps like calculations or an action to be performed.
    Parallelogram-To accept an input or display an output.
    Diamond- Decision making step. Generally there are two outward connectors from this symbol. The path is chosen based on the decision of the logical computation.
    Circle-If a flowchart does not fit in the available space, and needs to be broken at a point. An alphanumeric symbol within circle can be used as breaking and continuing symbol for that chart.

  52. List of the different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose are-
    1.Oval is the entry and exit point.
    2.Arrow-Sequence of the steps and relationship among them.
    3.Paralelogram-Input and output of the program.
    4.Diamond shape-Decision in the algorithm.decision ask a question,the answer to the question determine which arrow alllow you follow out of decision shape.
    5.Rectangle-It is used to show process,task,action or operation.
    6.T-If the decision is true.
    7.F-If the decision is false.

  53. White Box testing is a Structural testing.
    oval- stat point and end point
    rectangle – data input or output
    diamond- condition, if function
    T-True
    F-False
    arrow – show the flow/order of info/ actions/ instruct to go

  54. In the flow chart
    1. The parallelogram represents input or output.
    2. The diamond indicated decision.
    3. T- If the decision is true.
    4. F- if the decision is false.
    Oval is the start and endpoint

    Start and End is shown in an oval shape
    If a statement is put inside a diamond shape
    Execution procedure for a true statement is i a parallelogram
    Arrows are shown to show the flow of the program
    Like · Reply · 1w

    1. in the flow chart
      1. The parallelogram represents input or output.
      2. The diamond indicated decision.
      3. T- If the decision is true.
      4. F- if the decision is false.
      5.Oval is the start and endpoint

  55. It’s Conditional statement if the condition is true it will print the result else it will END.
    Representation of flow chart diagram.
    –START and END statement will be in ovel shape.
    –Condition will show in Diamond shape Ex: if a>50.
    –Print or Input statement will show in rectangle of square shape.
    –Body of the statement will be square shape or its close circuit completed by the TRUE or FALSE condition.

  56. Oval: start or end
    Arrows: Connects and shows relationship between shapes
    Parallelogram: Input/Output
    Rectangle: Process
    Diamond: Decision.

  57. Different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose:

    Ovals: indicate start & end of flowchart.
    Parallelograms: input & output data
    a: is integer
    >: greater than symbol
    ?: question mark
    Diamond: decision making dialogue box
    T: for true path
    F: for false path
    Arrows: showing direction of flow of chart

  58. Different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose:

    -Ovals: indicate start & end of flowchart.
    -Parallelograms: input & output data
    -a: is integer
    ->: greater than symbol
    -?: question mark
    -Diamond: decision making dialogue box
    -T: for true path
    -F: for false path
    -Arrows: showing direction of flow of chart

  59. Ovals show the start and end step. Lines point to the next steps, contained in parallelograms. Decision points are in diamonds. T and F stand for true and false, the possible choices in the graph.

  60. 1. Oval represents START/END Point.
    2. Rectangle-For processing/or a task
    3.Arrows – shows the relationship between shapes.
    4. Parallelogram- represents input or output.
    5. Diamond-indicates decision.
    6. T- decision is true.
    7. F- decision is false.

  61. 1. Oval represents start/end
    2. Parallelogram represents input/output
    3. Rectangle represents the process
    4. Diamond represents a decision
    5. Line is used as a connector between the symbols.

  62. Decision testing:

    Decision testing is also called as branch testing which is a testing technique of white box testing. Decision testing is a process which checks the behavior of the application by providing different combination of inputs and obtaining various results.

  63. Oval – Start and end
    Arrows – flow of the program
    Diamond – Choice of decision of the output
    Rectangle – Result
    Parallelogram – Input action
    T- True
    F- False

  64. 1. List down the different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose
    Oval – start/end
    Arrow – shows relationship between the shapes
    Diamond – Decision
    Parallelogram – input/output

  65. The different symbols used in flowchart and their purpose;
    Oval – An oval represents start and end point.
    Arrows- Flow of diagram
    Diamond- Choice of decision of the output
    Rectangle- Result
    Parallelogram-input action
    T – correct path
    F – false path

  66. List down the different symbols used in flowchart and their purpose
    oval represents the start and end
    Diamond represents the decision made
    Parallelogram represents input /output
    Rectangle represents process
    Arrow represents connector

  67. 1. List down the different symbols used in flowchart and their purpose.
    *Oval is start or end
    * Parallelogram-input and output
    * Rectangle- process
    *Diamond- decision
    *Arrow- relationship between symbols

  68. 1. List down the different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose.
    Oval : It use to represent start and end of a process.
    Rectangle : Represents Process.
    Parallelogram : Represents input/output.
    Diamond : Decision making dialogue box.

  69. 5. Oval = start and finish
    Diamond = decision
    Parallelogram = input and output
    T = True F=False
    Arrows are the sequences;
    >= greater than
    <= less than

  70. 5. Oval= start and end
    Parallelogram = input and output
    Diamond = decision
    T = true
    F = False
    > = greater than
    <= less than

  71. 1. List down the different symbols used in flowchart & their purpose.Oval represents as start or end
    An oval represents Start and End of a process
    A parallelogram represents input or output
    A diamond indicated decision

  72. Different shapes used in this program :
    Oval – Start
    Parellellogram -Inputs
    Diamond – Condition
    Big parellellogram – Output
    Oval – End

  73. The symbols used in flowchart & their purpose are:

    · T or F- True and False which are different paths in the flow charts.

    · a > 50 which is in diamond shape is decision making.

    · Rectangle which is used for whole data to test.

    · Direction of flow is an arrow.

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