Dynamic Python Interview Questions with Real-Time Examples

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Dynamic Python Interview Questions with Real-Time Examples:

What are Python’s key features?

Answer:
It is popular because it’s:

• Interpreted (no compilation needed)
• Object-Oriented
• Easy to learn (readable syntax)
• Cross-platform

Example:

python
print("Python is beginner-friendly and powerful!")

If you build an AI model on Windows, the same code can run on Linux without modification.

What is the difference between lists and tuples?

Answer:

• List: Mutable (can change elements)
• Tuple: Immutable (cannot change after creation)

Example:

python
my_list = [1, 2, 3]
my_list.append(4)  # Works
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
# my_tuple.append(4)  # Error

Used in real-time for storing configuration constants in a tuple.

Explain Python’s memory management.

Answer:
It uses automatic garbage collection and reference counting.
Unused objects are cleared from memory automatically.

Example:
In web apps, large temporary files in memory are freed automatically after request completion.

What is PEP 8?

Answer:
PEP 8 is Python’s style guide to make code readable and consistent.

Example:

python
# Good PEP 8 example
def calculate_total(price, tax):
    return price + tax

Following PEP 8 ensures maintainable enterprise projects.

What is the difference between shallow copy and deep copy?

Answer:

• Shallow Copy: Copies object references (nested objects are shared).
• Deep Copy: Copies everything recursively.

Example:

python
import copy
a = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
shallow = copy.copy(a)
deep = copy.deepcopy(a)

Used in real-time when duplicating database query results without affecting originals.

What are Python decorators?

Answer:
Decorators modify a function’s behavior without changing its code.

Example:

python
def log(func):
    def wrapper():
        print("Log: Function is called")
        return func()
    return wrapper

@log
def greet():
    print("Hello!")

greet()

Real-time use: Logging API calls in Django.

What are Python generators?

Answer:
Generators produce values on the fly using yield, saving memory.

Example:

python
def numbers():
    for i in range(5):
        yield i

Used in real-time for processing large log files without loading everything in memory.

What is Python’s Global Interpreter Lock (GIL)?

Answer:
GIL allows only one thread to execute bytecode at a time.

Example:
For CPU-heavy tasks, multiprocessing is preferred over threading.

What are Python’s data types?

Answer:

• Numeric: int, float, complex
• Sequence: list, tuple, range
• Text: str
• Mapping: dict
• Set: set, frozenset
• Boolean: bool

Example:

python
user = {"name": "John", "age": 30}

Difference between is and == in Python?

Answer:

• is: Checks identity (same object in memory)
• ==: Checks equality of values

Example:

python
a = [1, 2]
b = [1, 2]
print(a == b)  # True
print(a is b)  # False

What is the difference between Python 2 and Python 3?

Answer:

• print is a function in Python 3.
• Python 3 uses Unicode by default.
• Division / always returns a float in Python 3.

How does exception handling work in Python?

Answer:
Using try-except-finally.

Example:

python 
try:
    result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero")
finally:
    print("Execution complete")

Used in APIs to prevent server crashes.

What are Python’s built-in data structures?

Answer:
list, tuple, set, dict.

Example:
In real-time, set It is used to store unique email addresses from sign-ups.

What is the difference between @staticmethod and @classmethod?

Answer:

• staticmethod: No self or cls reference.
• classmethod: Takes cls as a parameter.

Example:

python
class MyClass:
    @staticmethod
    def greet():
        print("Hello")

    @classmethod
    def info(cls):
        print(cls.__name__)

What is list comprehension in Python?

Answer:
A concise way to create lists.

Example:

pythonCopyEditsquares = [x**2 for x in range(5)]

Used for filtering user data in one line.

What are Python modules and packages?

Answer:

• Module: A single .py file.
• Package: A collection of modules with __init__.py.

Example:
math is a module, numpy is a package.

What is self in Python?

Answer:
self refers to the current instance of a class.

Example:

python
class Car:
    def __init__(self, brand):
        self.brand = brand

What is Python’s with statement?

Answer:
Used for resource management, automatically closing files.

Example:

python
with open("data.txt", "r") as f:
    print(f.read())

What is a Python virtual environment?

Answer:
An isolated environment to manage dependencies per project.

Example:

bash
python -m venv env
source env/bin/activate

Real-time: Keeps Django project dependencies separate from Flask apps.

How do you connect Python to a database?

Answer:
Using connectors like sqlite3 or mysql.connector.

Example:

python
import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect('test.db')
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE users(id INT, name TEXT)")