Selenium Interview Questions and Answers

1.What is Selenium?

ANS: Selenium is an open-source testing framework used for automating web applications. It provides a way for interacting with web browsers and automating browser tasks.

2.Explain the different components of Selenium.

ANS: Selenium WebDriver, Selenium IDE, Selenium Grid, and Selenium RC are the main components of Selenium.

3.What is Selenium WebDriver?

ANS: Selenium WebDriver is a tool for automating web applications. It provides a programming interface to drive browsers in a more realistic way than the Selenium RC.

4.What programming languages are supported by Selenium WebDriver?

ANS: Selenium WebDriver supports multiple programming languages, including Java, Python, C#, Ruby, and JavaScript.

5. How can you capture screenshots in Selenium?

ANS: Screenshots can be captured in Selenium using the TakesScreenshot interface. The getScreenshotAs() method is used to save the screenshot to a file.

6.What is the difference between findElement and findElements in Selenium?

ANS: findElement is used to locate the first element matching the given criteria, while findElements returns a list of all elements matching the criteria.

7.Explain the difference between implicit and explicit waits?

ANS: Implicit waits are used to tell the WebDriver to wait for a certain amount of time before throwing an exception, while explicit waits are used to wait for a specific condition to occur before proceeding further in the code.

8. What is the difference between XPath and CSS Selector?

ANS: Both XPath and CSS Selector are locators used to identify web elements. XPath is more powerful and flexible but can be slower, while CSS Selector is faster and simpler.

9.What is the difference between single slash (/) and double slash (//) in XPath?

ANS  :Single slash (/) is used to create an absolute XPath, while double slash (//) is used to create a relative XPath.

11: Explain the importance of the Selenium Grid.

ANS : Selenium Grid is used for parallel test execution, allowing tests to be run on different machines in parallel. It helps in reducing the overall test execution time.

12. What is a Page Object Model (POM) in Selenium?

ANS: Page Object Model is a design pattern in Selenium that encourages the use of a separate class for each web page. It improves code maintainability and readability.

13: Explain the difference between close() and quit() methods in Selenium WebDriver.

ANS:The close() method is used to close the current browser window, while the quit() method is used to close all the browser windows opened by the WebDriver.

14. What is TestNG, and how is it used in Selenium?

ANS: TestNG is a testing framework for Java that is inspired by JUnit and NUnit. It is used for organizing and running tests in a structured way in Selenium.

15. How can you handle dynamic elements in Selenium?

ANS: Dynamic elements can be handled using techniques like using relative XPath, waiting for the element to be present, or using dynamic IDs.

16.Explain the difference between getWindowHandle() and getWindowHandles() in Selenium?

ANS: getWindowHandle() is used to get the handle of the current window, while getWindowHandles() is used to get the handles of all the open windows.

17. What is the difference between assert and verify in Selenium?

ANS: Assert is used to check whether a given condition is true, and if it’s false, the test is terminated. verify also checks the condition but does not terminate the test if the condition is false.

19. What is the difference between get() and navigate().to() methods in Selenium?

ANS: Both methods are used to navigate to a URL, but get() is simpler and easier to use, while navigate().to() provides additional navigation options like forward, backward, and refresh.

20. What is the importance of Desired Capabilities in Selenium?

ANS : Desired Capabilities are used to set properties for the WebDriver before launching the browser. They are essential for configuring browser-specific settings.